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Evidence-Based Standards

Authoritative Sources & Clinical Citations

The templates, worksheets, and educational explanations on SBARTemplate.com are grounded in published guidelines and peer-reviewed safety research from international healthcare quality organizations.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

TeamSTEPPS 3.0: Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services • 2023
#1

SBAR is featured as a core TeamSTEPPS communication tool alongside CUS and Call-Outs to standardize handoffs and rapid response notifications.

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Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI)

SBAR Tool: Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation

IHI Quality Improvement Resource Toolkit • 2021
#2

The original adaptation of SBAR by Dr. Michael Leonard, Doug Bonacum, and Suzanne Graham at Kaiser Permanente for obstetrical safety.

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The Joint Commission

National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG.02.03.01 & Sentinel Event Alerts)

The Joint Commission Standards & Handoff Communications • 2022
#3

Identified communication failures as a root cause in over 60% of sentinel events and mandated standardized communication protocols including read-backs.

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World Health Organization (WHO)

Patient Safety Solutions: Communication During Patient Hand-Overs

WHO Collaborating Centre for Patient Safety Solutions • 2007 (Vol. 1, Solution 3)
#4

International recommendation for global adoption of SBAR and standardized structured communication techniques to reduce transfer-of-care errors.

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Leonard, M., Graham, S., & Bonacum, D.

The human factor: the critical importance of effective teamwork and communication in providing safe care

Quality and Safety in Health Care (BMJ Quality & Safety), 13(Suppl 1), i85-i90 • 2004
#5

Seminal peer-reviewed paper documenting the initial translation of aviation and naval high-reliability communication into acute clinical healthcare.

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Müller, M., et al.

Impact of the communication and patient hand-off tool SBAR on patient safety: a systematic review

BMJ Open, 8(8), e022202 • 2018
#6

Systematic literature review demonstrating significant reductions in unexpected clinical events and improved nurse-physician psychological safety with SBAR.

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